1. Key Changes When Converting:
- Pronoun Changes: Adjust the pronouns according to the subject of the reporting verb.
- Tense Changes: Usually, the tense of the verb in direct speech is shifted back one step in indirect speech.
- Present → Past
- Past → Past Perfect
- Future → Conditional
- Time and Place Words: Words like "today," "tomorrow," and "here" are replaced with "that day," "the next day," and "there."
2. Structure:
- Direct Speech: "He said, 'I am going to school.'"
- Indirect Speech: He said that he was going to school.
3. Examples:
Statements
Direct: She said, "I like chocolate."
Indirect: She said that she liked chocolate.
Questions
Direct: He asked, "Where are you going?"
Indirect: He asked where I was going.
Commands/Requests
Direct: She said, "Please close the door."
Indirect: She requested me to close the door.
4. Rules for Changing Tense:
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
|---|---|
| Simple Present → Simple Past | "I eat." → He said he ate. |
| Present Continuous → Past Continuous | "I am eating." → He said he was eating. |
| Present Perfect → Past Perfect | "I have eaten." → He said he had eaten. |
| Simple Past → Past Perfect | "I ate." → He said he had eaten. |
| Future → Conditional | "I will eat." → He said he would eat. |
5. Practice Exercises:
- Change to indirect speech:
a. John said, "I am tired."
b. Mary asked, "Did you see the movie?"
c. The teacher said, "Study well."
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